Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers among men worldwide, and Singapore is no exception. With its aging population and increasing life expectancy, the incidence of prostate cancer in Singapore has seen a steady rise over the years. Fortunately, Singapore offers world-class healthcare facilities, cutting-edge technology, and a team of highly skilled oncologists and urologists who are well-equipped to manage prostate cancer at all stages. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore prostate cancer treatment in Singapore, including diagnosis, treatment options, top medical centers, and what patients can expect during their treatment journey.
Understanding Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer begins in the prostate gland, a small walnut-shaped organ in men that produces seminal fluid. It is typically a slow-growing cancer and may not show symptoms in its early stages. However, advanced cases can lead to difficulty urinating, blood in urine or semen, erectile dysfunction, or discomfort in the pelvic area.
The risk factors for prostate cancer include age (most cases occur in men over 50), family history, ethnicity (more common in African and Western populations), and diet. Early detection plays a key role in successful treatment outcomes, and Singapore has robust screening programs to catch the disease early.
Diagnosis and Screening in Singapore
Diagnosis typically starts with a routine prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test. If elevated PSA levels are detected, further investigation such as a digital rectal examination (DRE) and MRI scans may be recommended. If abnormalities are found, a prostate biopsy is conducted to confirm the presence and grade of cancer.
Singapore’s hospitals utilize advanced imaging technology such as multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), PET scans, and 3D transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) to provide detailed visualization of the prostate and surrounding tissues. These technologies aid in accurate staging and guide the selection of appropriate treatment options.
Treatment Options for Prostate Cancer in Singapore
The treatment of prostate cancer in Singapore is highly personalized, depending on the stage of cancer, the patient’s age, overall health, and preferences. The following are the main treatment approaches available:
1. Active Surveillance
For low-risk, slow-growing prostate cancers, especially in older men, doctors may recommend active surveillance. This approach involves closely monitoring the cancer without immediate intervention. Regular PSA tests, biopsies, and imaging are used to track the cancer’s progress. If it starts to grow or show signs of aggressiveness, curative treatment may be initiated.
2. Surgery – Radical Prostatectomy
Surgical removal of the prostate gland, known as radical prostatectomy, is a common treatment for localized prostate cancer. In Singapore, this procedure is often performed using minimally invasive robotic-assisted techniques, such as the da Vinci Surgical System. Robotic surgery offers advantages like smaller incisions, reduced blood loss, quicker recovery, and improved precision, especially when preserving nerves related to sexual and urinary functions.
3. Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy is a key treatment modality for prostate cancer and is used both as a primary treatment and in combination with surgery or hormone therapy. The main types of radiation therapy in Singapore include:
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External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT): This includes advanced techniques such as Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) that target cancer cells with high precision.
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Brachytherapy: Also known as internal radiation, this involves placing radioactive seeds directly into the prostate gland. Brachytherapy is effective for early-stage cancer and has fewer side effects.
4. Hormone Therapy (Androgen Deprivation Therapy – ADT)
Since prostate cancer cells rely on testosterone to grow, hormone therapy aims to reduce or block this hormone. It is commonly used in combination with radiation therapy for intermediate or high-risk prostate cancer. In advanced or metastatic cases, hormone therapy is often the primary treatment.
Singapore offers various forms of hormone therapy including:
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LHRH agonists and antagonists (injectable medications)
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Anti-androgens (oral tablets)
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Surgical removal of the testicles (orchiectomy) – less commonly used
5. Chemotherapy
For advanced or metastatic prostate cancer that no longer responds to hormone therapy (castration-resistant prostate cancer), chemotherapy may be recommended. Common chemotherapy drugs include docetaxel and cabazitaxel, administered intravenously under close medical supervision.
6. Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy
Singapore also offers emerging therapies such as immunotherapy and targeted treatments. These are mostly used in clinical trial settings or for advanced-stage patients who are not responding to standard treatments.
For example:
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Pembrolizumab, a checkpoint inhibitor, may be used for patients with specific genetic mutations.
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PARP inhibitors such as olaparib are available for patients with BRCA mutations.
Leading Hospitals and Cancer Centers in Singapore
Singapore is home to several internationally accredited medical institutions offering comprehensive cancer care:
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National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS)
Located at the National University Hospital, NCIS provides multidisciplinary care with cutting-edge research and treatment programs. -
National Cancer Centre Singapore (NCCS)
One of the leading cancer institutions in Southeast Asia, NCCS offers a wide range of diagnostic and treatment services, including robotic surgery and advanced radiotherapy. -
Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH)
Offers urology and oncology services with a strong reputation in public healthcare and affordable cancer treatment. -
Mount Elizabeth Hospitals (Orchard and Novena)
These private hospitals are renowned for personalized care and luxurious facilities, offering quick access to robotic surgeries and advanced cancer treatments. -
Gleneagles Hospital
A preferred choice for many international patients, Gleneagles offers comprehensive urological and oncological services.
Cost of Prostate Cancer Treatment in Singapore
Singapore’s medical costs can vary significantly depending on whether you choose public or private care. Approximate ranges are:
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PSA Test and Consultation: SGD 100 – 300
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MRI and Biopsy: SGD 1,000 – 4,000
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Radical Prostatectomy (Robotic): SGD 20,000 – 35,000
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Radiation Therapy: SGD 15,000 – 25,000
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Hormone Therapy (annual): SGD 3,000 – 10,000
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Chemotherapy (per cycle): SGD 2,000 – 5,000
Singapore citizens and permanent residents can use Medisave, MediShield Life, or Integrated Shield Plans to offset costs in public hospitals. International patients are advised to check with their insurance providers or consult with hospital finance departments for personalized estimates.
Support Services and Rehabilitation
Post-treatment recovery and support are vital for prostate cancer patients. Singapore hospitals provide services such as:
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Physiotherapy for urinary incontinence
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Sexual health counseling
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Nutritional and psychological support
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Cancer survivor programs and support groups (e.g., Singapore Cancer Society)
Conclusion
Prostate cancer treatment in Singapore is a serious yet highly treatable disease, especially when detected early. In Singapore, patients have access to top-tier healthcare facilities, experienced specialists, and a broad range of treatment options tailored to individual needs. Whether seeking traditional therapies or the latest advancements in oncology, Singapore provides a holistic, patient-centered approach to prostate cancer treatment. By combining world-class technology with compassionate care, Singapore continues to be a leading destination for effective and reliable prostate cancer management in Asia.
