High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a serious health issue, faced by people worldwide. It affects around 1.5 million of population, mostly aged between 30 and 80 years. However, with proper precaution, several cardiac emergencies and premature deaths can be prevented. In this blog, we will learn about how hypertension leads to heart problems, suggesting ways to diagnose and manage them on time. Read on.
Understanding Impact of Hypertension
Hypertension is a condition that develops when the blood vessels are under excessive pressure. Values below 120/80 mmHg are considered normal, while consistently high readings (exceeding the limit of 130/80 mmHg) denote hypertension. When left untreated for long, it negatively affects the cardiovascular system, resulting in severe damage to the associated blood vessels. This increases the risk of cardiac emergencies, such as:
- Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction)
- Heart Failure
- Cardiac Arrest
- Aortic Dissection
- Hypertensive Crisis
- Arrhythmias
How Hypertension Causes Cardiac Emergencies?
- Atherosclerosis
Hypertension paves the way for atherosclerosis development. It is a condition in which fatty plaques accumulate within the inner arterial walls. Due to abnormally high blood pressure, the endothelium of the vessels is disrupted, making them more prone to inflammation. With time, these plaques can burst, creating blood clots that obstruct blood flow. This increases the risks of heart attacks or strokes.
- Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH)
When hypertension sets in, the left ventricle has to pump harder to counteract the high pressure. This can result in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), associated with symptoms like thickened ventricular walls. The condition may initially be able to compensate for the increased workload, however, it grdyally reduces cardiac function. This raises the chances of heart failure and arrhythmias.
- Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Coronary artery disease is a potential concern for individuals experiencing hypertension. This is because persistent high blood pressure constricts the cardiac arteries to such an extent that they get blocked. Such reduced blood flow to the heart muscles results in a wide range of complications, including angina pectoris, heart attacks, and sudden death. Hence, it is crucial to manage hypertension in advance so as individuals can improve their overall well-being.
- Hypertensive Crisis and Acute Cardiac Events
A hypertensive crisis is a medical emergency in which there is a sudden increase in blood pressure (shooting as high as up to180/120 mmHg). If left unchecked, it can initiate fatal events, such as, acute left ventricular failure, stroke and aortic dissection. Such an abrupt upsurge in BP inflicts irreparable blood vessel damage.
Cardiac Emergencies Associated with Hypertension
- Heart Attack (or Myocardial Infarction)
Chronic hypertension increases the likelihood of cardiac and arterial blockages. It is characterised by extreme, debilitating symptoms like chest pain, breathing difficulties and dizziness.
- Heart Failure
Hypertension is a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Patients suffering from hypertensive heart failure often exhibit a variety of symptoms like extreme fatigue, swollen lower limbs, and respiratory ailments.
- Aortic Dissection
The aorta is the greatest artery in our bodies, supplying oxygenated blood to the tissues. However, excessive high blood pressure can lead to a condition known as aortic dissection. This is characterised by rupturing of the inner arterial layer, spilling blood in between the layers. Getting prompt treatment from any of the private cardiac care clinics in London can prevent morbidities – book a consultation today.
- Arrhythmias
It is a condition characterised by abnormally rapid and irregular heart rate. If not managed on time, arrhythmias can result in blood clots, leading to strokes and heart failures. Therefore, it is essential to control high blood pressure effectively with professional help.
Management of Hypertension
- Regular Checkups
- Regular blood pressure monitoring is crucial for those having risk factors high blood sugar, obesity and a family history of hypertension
- At-home checking devices can also be used to manage the condition better.
- Medications
Managing chronic hypertension requires medicines. They help control blood pressure, thus reducing the risk of cardiac severities effectively. Common antihypertensive drugs are:
- ACE Inhibitors: They minimise RAAS activity and dilate the blood vessels. g., Enalapril, Lisinopril, etc.
- Beta-Blockers: These are responsible for lowering increased heart rate and blood pressure. E.g.,
- Calcium Channel Blockers: These medicines improve blood flow by relaxing the inflamed blood vessels. E.g.,
- Diuretics: These are useful in removing excess sodium and fluid from the system. E.g., Hydrochlorothiazide.
- Lifestyle Modifications
Bringing positive lifestyle approaches can help lower blood pressure, thus reducing the risk of cardiac ailments. You must:
- Have a healthy Diet: Try adopting a DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet that includes seasonal fruits and vegetables, low-fat dairy and whole grains. You must also cut down on your sodium and saturated fat intake.
- Regular Workouts: Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise daily to improve heart function.
- Maintain a Healthy Weight: This helps reduce the pressure over your cardiovascular system.
- Manage Stress: Include relaxation techniques in your daily routine such as journaling, meditation, yoga, or deep breathing exercises.
- Reduce Alcohol Consumption and Quit Smoking: These unhealthy practices aggravate hypertension and cardiovascular problems.
Preventive Measures for At-Risk Individuals
- Screening Initiatives: Regular health examinations for the early identification of high blood pressure and heart disease risks.
- Public Awareness Initiatives: Informing the community about hypertension and its impact on heart-related emergencies.
- Technology Integration: Wearable gadgets and applications are utilised for ongoing blood pressure tracking.
- Corporate Wellness Initiatives: Fostering healthy behaviours in work settings to reduce stress and encourage physical exercise.
Conclusion
The silent quality of hypertension conceals its severe effects on heart health. The dangers are significant, from hastening atherosclerosis to provoking severe cardiac crises such as heart attacks, heart failure, and aortic dissection. With prompt identification, efficient handling, and changes in lifestyle can greatly lower these risks, leading to a healthier future. For those with hypertension, taking proactive measures and having regular heart screening with healthcare providers are essential for preventing cardiac emergencies.
